Odysseus Marks the First US Moon Touchdown in Extra Than 50 Years

For the primary time in additional than half a century, a US-built spacecraft has made a delicate touchdown on the moon.

There was excessive drama and loads of intrigue on Thursday night as Intuitive Machines tried to land its Odysseus spacecraft in a small crater not all that removed from the south pole of the moon. About 20 minutes after landing, NASA declared success, however some questions remained in regards to the well being of the lander and its orientation. Why? As a result of whereas Odysseus was phoning house, its sign was weak.

However after what the spacecraft and its developer, Houston-based Intuitive Machines, went via earlier on Thursday, it was a miracle that Odysseus made it in any respect.

Shedding Your Approach

The touchdown try was delayed by about two hours after mission controllers needed to ship a rapidly cobbled collectively, last-minute software program patch as much as the lander whereas it was nonetheless in orbit across the moon. Patching your spacecraft’s software program shortly earlier than it makes its most important transfer is nearly the very last thing a car operator needs to do. However Intuitive Machines was determined.

Earlier on Thursday, the corporate realized that its navigation lasers and cameras weren’t operational. These rangefinders are important for 2 features throughout touchdown: terrain-relative navigation and hazard-relative navigation. These two modes assist the flight laptop on Odysseus to find out exactly the place it’s throughout descent—by snapping numerous photographs and evaluating them to recognized moon topography—and to establish hazards beneath, similar to boulders, with the intention to discover a secure touchdown web site.

With out these rangefinders, Odysseus was going to face-plant into the moon. Happily, this mission carried a bunch of science payloads. As a part of its business lunar program, NASA is paying about $118 million for the supply of six scientific payloads to the lunar floor.

One in every of these payloads simply occurred to be the Navigation Doppler Lidar experiment, a 15-kilogram bundle that accommodates three small cameras. With this NDL payload, NASA sought to check out applied sciences that is perhaps used to enhance navigation programs in future touchdown makes an attempt on the moon.

The one likelihood Odysseus had was if it might in some way faucet into two of the NDL experiment’s three cameras and use one for terrain-relative navigation and the opposite for hazard-relative navigation. So software program was rapidly written and shipped as much as the lander. This was some true MacGyver stuff. However would it not work?

A New House

The Odysseus lander began its descent from a round orbit 57 miles (92 kilometers) above the floor of the moon, an hour and 13 minutes earlier than its deliberate touchdown time. The lander started a powered descent, utilizing its primary engine powered by liquid oxygen and methane, 11 minutes earlier than landing on this timeline. Throughout these closing, essential minutes, Odysseus’ improvised terrain-relative navigation digital camera scanned the floor for hazards, similar to boulders, to make sure a secure touchdown web site.

After the landing, the mission controllers knew it would take a minute or two to get an excellent sign again from the lander, which was relaying indicators again to massive satellite tv for pc dishes on Earth. First one, then two, after which 5 minutes handed with an more and more uncomfortable silence within the mission management room for Intuitive Machines. Nothing.

Lastly, after 10 minutes, mission director Tim Crain referred to as out that the lander was sending a faint sign again to Earth.

“We’re not lifeless but,” mentioned Crain, who’s a cofounder of the corporate.